Financial Technology -Fin tech Class 12 Project

Fintech revolution 

Author Pankaj Bhanwani

#9899971997

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Class 12 Project

Topic Money and Finance

Fin tech revolution stands for financial technology . It is the use of technology in financial service 

Fintech or financial technology is a term used for companies or services that work towards making all types of financial transactions simpler through the intervention of technology.

Fintech services mainly use the internet and technologies like cloud computing, data analytics, machine learning and artificial intelligence.

 For the consumer, fintech services are delivered through internet-enabled devices, including smartphones.

Online payments, which have moved from a multi-step and cost-intensive process to a simple one-step process, that too at negligible cost, are just one example of how fintech has simplified processes

Another example is in the insurance sector. With companies—InsurTech—comparing the prices and features of insurance policies, making an informed decision is now possible.

Lending too has seen significant changes, with fintech companies, in collaboration with banks or non-banking financial companies, making services like payday loans or instant loans for consumer durables possible.

Credit scores and measuring credit risk is another emerging area for fintech companies. Though still in nascent stages, this could significantly improve the availability of credit to a large number of people.

Insurtech is a subset of fintech which relates to the use of technology to simplify and improve the efficiency of the insurance industry.

A report by consulting giant Capgemini and non-profit insurance industry body Efma last month found that traditional insurance firms are facing increasing competitive pressure due to the emergence of a number of insurtech start-ups.

Financial inclusion refers to fintech solutions that provide more affordable finance alternatives to disadvantaged and low-income people who, like the unbanked/underbanked, may have little to no access to mainstream financial services.

This is one of the most important areas for fintech companies that operate in developing markets.

  Kenya Case Study 

Paying for a taxi ride using your mobile phone is easier in Nairobi than it is in New York, thanks to Kenya’s world-leading mobile-money system, M-PESA

 Launched in 2007 by Safaricom, the country’s largest mobile-network operator, it is now used by over 17m Kenyans, equivalent to more than two-thirds of the adult population; around 25% of the country’s gross national product flows through it. M-PESA lets people transfer cash using their phones, and is by far the most successful scheme of its type on earth. 

M-PESA was originally designed as a system to allow microfinance-loan repayments to be made by phone, reducing the costs associated with handling cash and thus making possible lower interest rates. But after pilot testing it was broadened to become a general money-transfer scheme.


A video to explain financial technoly

Role of current government on Indian economy

Class 11/12

#General Economics 

#Use of statistics 

#Class 12 Economics Project

Pankaj Bhanwani

#9899971997

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Statistics can be very useful to access the growth of the government 

Do you think that government has done good for the country

Go to this points

A good project showing economic indicators could also be made on this

1) Current Account Deficit (CAD):

The CAD was a major challenge in 2012-13. Through hard measures, it was brought down to 1.74 per cent in 2013-14. A dramatic collapse in oil prices helped the NDA government to boast that they had wrought a miracle in the first three years. 

The CAD in 2017-18 was 1.9 per cent (likely) and for 2018-19 the estimate is 2.5 per cent.

2) Depreciating Rupee

A famous election promise was that the rupee-dollar rate (then Rs 59) will be brought down to Rs 40! Between January and May 2018, the rupee has been among the worst performing currencies. It has depreciated from Rs 63.65 to Rs 68.42 and may cross Rs 70.

3) Little impact on exports

During UPA I, merchandise exports tripled from USD 63 billion to USD 183 billion and, during UPA II, it grew to USD 315 billion. Under NDA, the number has remained below that peak. It touched a low of USD 262 billion in 2015-16 and struggled to close at USD 303 billion in 2017-18.

4) Rising crude oil prices

The party that began in September 2014 is over. Crude oil prices that had plummeted to USD 26 per barrel have increased to USD 79 and threaten to rise further. Nothing was done in the last four years to increase domestic production. No major international oil company is in India in exploration except British Petroleum and Cairn — and both are reluctant to invest more in exploring new fields. And consequent rise in fuel prices

Public anger is building against high prices of petrol and diesel. Between 2014 and 2018, due to low prices of crude oil, government saved Rs 15 per litre in the cost of production of petrol and also increased the excise duty by Rs 10 per litre. Same with diesel. With a relentless rise in retail prices, government has no choice but to cut the excise duties which it is loath to do. The one-trick pony has no other trick up its saddle. Rising inflation

After keeping inflation under control for four years, thanks to the RBI, CPI is poised to rise. It crossed 5 per cent in December 2017 and January 2018 and, since then, is hovering around 4.5 per cent. A good monsoon will help, a depreciating rupee will 

5) Worsening NPAs of Banks

NPAs of all scheduled banks had risen from 4.1 per cent in March 2014 to 10.2 per cent in September 2017, and have increased since. Operation Indradhanush lies in tatters. Everybody has been shot in the foot, some in the head: CEOs of banks, senior bank officials, statutory auditors, promoters and potential bidders. It will get worse.

6)Decline in Foreign Portfolio Investment

Net foreign portfolio investment turned negative in 2018 in February, April and May. If the US Fed raised interest rates, as is likely, the outflow will accelerate. 

7) No evidence of job creation

Rival claims by persons with privileged access to data and veteran analysts of the job market have only made the confusion worse confounded. According to Labour Bureau Quarterly Surveys, only a few thousand jobs were created every quarter. If the Gross Fixed Capital Formation is down from its peak by about 5 percentage points, if the average growth rate of IIP in the last four years was 4.05 per cent, and if there is no export growth, it is difficult to believe that non-farm jobs in the millions were created.

8) Growing distress among farmers, neglect of MGNREGA

Average growth of the agriculture sector during the last four years was an anaemic 2.7 per cent. Cost +50 per cent as MSP is nowhere in sight. Most farmers do not get even the declared MSP.

MGNREGA is no longer demand-driven. Increase in the wage rate is pitiful, in many states the rate is lower than the prevailing minimum wage. 57 per cent of wage dues of workers were unpaid as of April 2018.

I want to quote P .Chidambaram the former finance minister

 Addressing a press conference here today, he said a flawed road to GST continues to haunt trade and business, and the adverse effect of demonetisation have been established ‘beyond doubt’. He alleged that there was distress in various sections of society, including farmers—who were not getting remunerative prices of their produce—and the youth due to joblessness.

“The tyres of three of the four wheels on which the economy rides are punctured. Firstly exports: the growth rate in the last four years have been negative. Secondly, private investment: it is in the doldrums, if not dead. Gross fixed capital formation is stuck at 28.5 per cent for three years. Thirdly, private consumption: it was limping until a few months ago, there is a mild up-pick, and we keep our fingers crossed,” he said.

“The only tyre that seems to be inflated is government expenditure, but here too the government’s options are getting limited because of the pressure on the current account deficit and the fiscal deficit,” he said.

The Congress leader claimed that joblessness was rampant and there was a great ferment in campuses across the country because young men and women knew that there would be no job when they graduate. “So far nobody has bought the innovative idea that ‘frying pakoras is also a job’,” he quipped.

As you read this, you will be submerged in the flood of propaganda that has been unleashed by the government to celebrate the last four years. Of course, there will be some progress under any government. If you wish to join the celebrations, do so, but remember the dire state of the economy.

Budget Line and Indifference Curve Micro Economics Class 11 /12

Class 12/11

Micro Economics 

Chapter Indifference Curve and Budget line

Pankaj Bhanwani

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Q1 The price of good x is Rs 5 each and price of good Y is 0.50 paise each and I receive a income of Rs 15 Plot the budget line

Q2 My Income rises to Rs 20 which good/goods , will have to change price in order to restore my original budget line 

Q3 My Income falls to Rs 5 What is my new budget line

Q4 If all prices are multiplied by P by how much Income should be multiplied to restore the original budget line

Q5 Now suppose a budget line which is curved What does it mean 

Q6 The price of Y doubles and price of X is now 1/3 of its previous value and the income remains the same Will the consumer be able to move on the higher IC ( Yes/No)

Q7 Which of the following is true along an individual’s indifference curve for ordinary goods?

a. The slope is constant.

b. Total utility changes.

c. The individual is indifferent between any two points.

d The slope is equal to the ratio of the prices of the

consumption bundles.

e. The individual doesn’t care if utility is maximised

Q8 Which of the following is/are true of indifference curves for ordinary goods?

I. They cannot intersect.

II. They have a negative slope.

III. They are convex.

a.  I only

b. II only

c. III only

d. I and II only

e. I, II, and III

Q9. Moving from left to right along an indifference curve, which of the following increases?

a. The marginal utility of the vertical axis good

b. The marginal utility of the horizontal axis good

c. The absolute value of the slope

d. The marginal rate of substitution

e. The demand for the vertical axis good

Q10 Each of the combinations of iPod song downloads and DVD rentals shown in the table below give Johny an equal level of utility.

iPod songs	DVD Rentals
0	10
1	8
2	6
3	4

1. Graph Johny indifference curve.

b. Economists believe that the individual indifference curves

for ordinary goods exhibit what two properties?

c. Does  indifference curve exhibit the two

properties from part b? Explain.

Class 11 Introduction to statistics

Pankaj Bhanwani

#9899971997

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Chapter Introduction to statistics

Class 11

Q1 “ The government and policy makers use statistical data to formulate suitable policies of economic development “

Illustrate with 2 examples

Q2 Statistical methods are no suitable for common sense - Comment

Q3 Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data

Q4 Write the important functions of statistics

Q5 Discuss the importance of statistics in business

Q6 Discuss the role of statistics in economic planning

Q7 Interpret the below link graph which shows the use of mobile in urban and rural area- Interpret the graph and write a short note of it

Please note the presentation technique which has been used

How it is useful to make a policy for mobiles for other players

Use of mobiles in India

Class 12/11 Demand and elasticity of demand

Pankaj Bhanwani

#9899971997

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Class 12/11 Micro Economics

Demand and Elasticity of demand

The following table gives the estimated price elasticity of certain good- Just for reference

Estimated price elasticity of demand for selected product

Product	Price elasticity of demand
Salt	0.1
Water	0.2
Coffee	0.3
Shoes	0.3
Housing	1
Automobiles	1.2
Foreign Travel	1.8
Restaurant meals	2.3
Air Travel	2.4
Specific brand of coffee	5.6

Answer the following questions

Q1 For each of the following goods, indicate whether you expect elasticity as elastic or inelastic Give reasons for your answer

Good	Reason
Theatre show
Foreign Travel
Telephone service
Eggs
CD Rental

Q2 How would a tax on alcohol affect the number of highway deaths among young adults?v

Q3 Why is bumper crop bad news for farmers ?

Q4 I am the owner of a big mega store  , I noticed that elasticity of customers differed in the shorter and longer period

I also noticed that the increase in price of sandwiches had other effect on my store. In particular , the number of Soda declined while the number of yoghurts sold went up

How might you explain this pattern

Q5 Explain whether each of the following events represents (i) a change in demand (a shift of the demand curve) or (ii) a movement along the demand curve (a change in the quantity demanded).

a. A store owner finds that customers are willing to pay more

for umbrellas on rainy days.

b. When XYZ Telecom, a long-distance telephone service

provider, offered reduced rates on weekends, its volume of weekend calling increased sharply.

c. People buy more long-stem roses the week of Valentine’s Day, even though the prices are higher than at other times during the year.

d. A sharp rise in the price of gasoline leads many commuters to join carpools in order to reduce their gasoline purchases.