Wednesday, 26 June 2019

Problem of unemployment, education and growth

Ashwathy HS, 23, is preparing for the Public Service Commission (PSC) examinations at Brilliance College in Thiruvananthapuram. A BTech from Government Engineering College in the capital of Kerala, she was hired by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) as a software engineer in March 2017. But after a month with the IT services bellwether that included training at TCS’s Chennai outpost, Ashwathy called it quits to focus on the PSC. “I'm more passionate about a government job. The problem with working for private companies is that the job is not secure; also I don't prefer working for longer hours and night shifts.”
Such a train of thought may run counter-intuitive to the go-go spirit associated with India’s Gen Z, but it does offer clues to the Indian malaise of unemployment — and underemployment, or people chasing jobs that have little to do with their qualifications. Ashwathy’s choice also indicates the perceptions of instability and uncertainty associated with the private sector at a time when investments for growth are subdued.
Unemployment or underemployment, India has a problem of jobs. The National Sample Survey Office’s (NSSO’s) periodic labour force survey (PLFS) for 2017-18 shows that as many as 11 states had an unemployment rate higher than the pan-Indian average. These included Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Haryana and Telangana where industrialisation can’t be scoffed at (unlike, say, Kerala or Bihar). Kerala tops the charts with an unemployment rate that’s nearly two times the national norm, and Ashwathy is perhaps the perfect epitome of what’s going wrong in India’s most literate state.
So what can NDA 2.0 do to rev up the jobs engine? The big-picture answer is, of course, it needs to kickstart economic growth, which fell to a five-year low of 5.8 percent in the January-March quarter of fiscal 2019. To create more jobs—stable ones without the fear of layoffs— industry executives point out that the government needs to identify and incentivise sectors in manufacturing and services that have the potential for job creation. A shaky industrial sector could also result in job losses—a recent report by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) stated that almost 11 million Indians lost their jobs in 2018.
Madan Sabnavis, chief economist at Care Ratings Ltd, points out that the big conglomerates like Tata, Birla and Reliance need to employ more people than they are doing today. For that they need to be in the mood to expand, a mood that’s muted these days. “Most of the markets are quite static; the auto sector, for instance, is on a decline, and there is no reason why Maruti should be employing more people or going in for fresh investment,” explains Sabnavis. “So we need market conditions to improve, and then we come to the issue of more labour policies which the government can address through the Budget.”
Sections of industry are keen that the government create a National Employment 
#growth
#policy
#unemployment
#expectation
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#activity

Problem of unemployment, education and growth


Policy—as advocated by Niti Aayog—to create quality jobs in the formal and informal sectors. The endeavour would be to develop an education, training and skill development system that’s in sync with the needs of private enterprise and changing needs of the labour market. Generating jobs in a country where the youth account for 35 percent of the population, or roughly 333 million is critical. And the workforce is expanding at a rapid clip—from just under 500 million it is expected to hit 600 million in three years.

Among Kerala’s youth, for instance, who account for 23 percent of the population, the unemployment rate (18 percent) is much higher than the overall population (12.5 percent), according to the Kerala State Planning Board’s economic review for 2018.
MA George Francis, joint director of employment, Kerala, says: “Lack of industrialisation is one of the biggest problems in Kerala due to which extensive unemployment prevails. Also, the government needs to develop and invest more money in Kerala tourism to generate employment. Our economy mostly runs from the money coming in from the Middle East; if it stops, Kerala’s economy will be ruined.”
The Kerala Migration Survey (KMS) 2018 conducted by the Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvananthapuram, shows a reduction of 2.78 lakh emigrants from the Middle East between 2013 and 2018. “These Gulf returnees stand in lines every day to get their loans sanctioned to start their own dairy projects, poultry farms and bakeries,” adds Francis.

The lure of government jobs in a state that lacks industry is perhaps inevitable. But it is no solution. Rajeeve CR, director of Brilliance College, says, “Most educated people here in Kerala want government jobs at a time when the number of vacancies in the government sector is drastically decreasing.” That’s when underemployment kicks in, too, with people forced to compromise because no jobs are available that match their skills.
One such example is of Vipin Kumar, 27, who completed a BSc in geography and is currently working with HDFC Life Insurance as a financial consultant in the capital and doubles up as an Ola driver to make ends meet. "I work at HDFC from 10.30 am to 3.30 pm and, after that, four days in a week I drive an Ola cab from 4 pm to 1 am. I do this because I need extra income; I just got married and have a lot of responsibilities.”
Unemployment amid urban youth, in the age group of 15 to 29 years, has been constantly rising for three quarters and was at 23.7 percent in the December quarter, according to the PLFS data. Youth unemployment in the December quarter of 2018 was the highest in Bihar (40.9 percent), followed by Kerala (37 percent) and Odisha (35.7 percent), while it was the lowest in Gujarat (9.6 percent ).

Thursday, 20 June 2019

Statistics_Lesson Plan_ Notes_Class 11_learning_newspaper

Class 11
Topic Statistics and its uses

#learning
#lessonplan
#economics
#learningwithnewspaper
At the end of the blog do see the article of Times of India Dated 20/5/2019
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pankajbhanwani@gmail.com 

The field of statistics is the science of learning from data.
Statistical knowledge helps you use the proper methods to collect the data, employ the correct analyses, and effectively present the results. 
Statistics is a crucial process behind how we make discoveries in science, make decisions based on data, and make predictions. 
Statistics allows you to understand a subject much more deeply.
Everybody watches weather forecasting. Have you ever think how do you get that information? There are some computers models build on statistical concepts. These computer models compare prior weather with the current weather and predict future weather.
Statistics mostly used by the researcher. They use their statistical skills to collect the relevant data. Otherwise, it results in a loss of money, time and data.
What do you understand by insurance? Everybody has some kind of insurance, whether it is medical, home or any other insurance. Based on an individual application some businesses use statistical models to calculate the risk of giving insurance.
 In financial market also statistic plays a great role. Statistics are the key of how traders and businessmen invest and make money.
Statistics play a big role in the medical field. Before any drugs prescribed, scientist must show a statistically valid rate of effectiveness. Statistics are behind all the study of medical.
Statistical concepts are used in quality testing. Companies make many products on a daily basis and every company should make sure that they sold the best quality items. But companies cannot test all the products, so they use statistics sample.
In everyday life we make many predictions. For examples, we keep the alarm for the morning when we don’t know that we will be alive in the morning or not. Here we use statistics basics to make predictions.
Doctors predict disease on based on statistics concepts. Suppose a survey shows that 75%-80% people have cancer and not able to find the reason. When the statistics become involved, then you can have a better idea of how the cancer may affect your body or is smoking is the major reason for it.
News reporter makes a prediction of winner for elections based on political campaigns. Here statistics play a strong part in who will be your governments.
 Statistics data allow us to collect the information around the world. The internet is a devise which help us to collect the information. The fundamental behind the internet is based on statistics and mathematics concepts.
The main portion of Statistics is the display of summarized data. Data is initially collected from a given source, whether they are experiments, surveys, or observation, and is presented in one of four methods:

Methods of presenting data in statistics

Textual Method 
The reader acquires information through reading the gathered data.

Tabular Method 
Provides a more precise, systematic and orderly presentation of data in rows or columns.

Semi-tabular Method 
Uses both textual and tabular methods.

Graphical Method 
The utilization of graphs is most effective method of visually presenting statistical results or find

Example from the newspaper which tells us about how statistics is used

Use of statistics #graphs#presentation of data