Question Bank for class 11 2016--17
1. Economics-An introduction (3 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Define the term scarcity as used in Economics?
2. What is meant by Economics?
3. How has Marshall defined Economics?
4. Define the wealth definition of economics as given by Adam Smith.
5. Who is a consumer?
6. Who is a producer?
7. What is consumption?
8. Who is a service holder?
9. What is production?
10. Who is service provider?
11. What is meant by distribution?
12. What is meant by economic activity?
13. What is meant by non economic activity?
14. How will you choose the wants to be satisfied?
15. What is the root cause of all economic problems?
3 marks questions
1. “Economics is a study of scarcity”Discuss?
2. Explain welfare definition of economics.
3. Discuss briefly the definition of economics as given by Adam Smith?
4. Briefly discuss the meaning of economic and non economic activities.
5. What are your reasons for studying economics?
6. Discuss the three main economic activities?
7. Discuss the main characteristics of scarcity definition given by Robbins.
8. You have unlimited wants and limited resources to satisfy them. Explain by giving two examples.
9. Briefly discuss the most accepted definition of economics.
10. Make a list of economic activities that constitute the ordinary business of life.
4 marks question
1. Explain the meaning of statistics in plural sense.
2. Enumerate five characteristics of statistics.
3. Statistical results lead to fallacious conclusions. Explain the statement briefly.
4. Briefly explain, why the statistical relations are generally inexact?
5. What are the uses of statistics in economics?
6 marks questions
1. What do you mean by distrust of statistics?discuss the limitationsof statistics.
2. Statistics is the study of numerating facts. Discuss the statement.
3. What are the differences between quantitative and qualitative data?Give an example of each.
4. Use of statistical methods is indispensable both in experimental methods is indispensable both in
experimental and non –experimental sciences. Why?
5. Statistics is the science of averages. Explain briefly with example.
2. Collection of Data(8 marks)
1 marks question
1. What do you by a statistical enquiry?
2. What are the two main sources of data?
3. Name the different type of data.
4. What do you mean by Primary Data?
5. What is the meaning of secondary data?
6. Mention the 2 source of secondary data?
7. Mention 2 important sources of published data?
8. State the name and data which involve less and expenses.
9. State 2 merits of primary data?
10.State 2 demerits of primary data?
11. Out of primary & secondary data, which one is collected for a definite purpose?
12.In which type of data, precaution is highly required?
13.Explain the meaning of statistical enquiry or survey.
14.What do you mean by primary data? Mention the different method for collecting primary
data.
15.What do you mean by secondary data? Mention its source.
3 marks questions
1. What is meant by Direct Personal Investigation? Give its merit and demerits.
2. Differentiate between direct personal investigation interview and indirect oral investigation.
3. Explain the meaning of indirect oral investigation. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
4. Mention the precaution to be observed under direct personal interview and indirect oral
investigation.
5. Explain briefly the method of collecting data through mailed questionnaire. State its merits
and demerits?
6. Discuss the method of collecting data through ‘Questionnaires Filled by Enumerators’. Also
give its 2 merits and demerits.
7. How can data be collected through ‘Telephonic Interview’. Mention its 2 merits and one
demerit.
8. How the details collected through ‘information from correspondents’. Mention its two merits
and one demerit.
9. Distinguish between census and sampling methods of data collection.
10.Distinguish between ‘primary data’ and secondary data’. Which data is more reliable and
why?
4 marks question
1. What are the various methods of collecting primary data? Explain any one method along with
its merits and demerits.
2. Discuss the published sources of secondary data.
3. Write short note on:
4. Census of India;
5. National sample survey Organization.
6 marks question
1. Discuss the precaution to be considered while making use of secondary data.
2. What do you mean by a questionnaire? Discuss the principles which should be followed
while drafting a good questionnaire?
3. What do you mean by census method? Give its merits demerits.
4. What is the meaning of sampling method? Give the merits and demerits of sampling method.
5. Explain briefly the random method of collecting samples.
6. Explain briefly the technique of:
7. Stratified Random Sampling
8. Systemic Sampling
9. Cluster Sampling
10.Multistage Sampling
3. Organization of data (4 marks)
1 marks questions
1. What do you mean by geographical classification?
2. Define statistical series’
3. What is an exclusive series?
4. Name the types of statistical series.
5. Define frequency distribution.
6. What is a variable?
7. Explain classification of data.
8. Explain types of statistical series.
9. What are the objectives of classification?
10. Defined discrete series.
11. What is meant by continuous series?
12. Explain types of classification of data.
13. What is meant by Tally marks?
14. Define class interval.
15. Distinguish between exclusive and inclusive series.
3 marks questions
1. Distinguish between Variable and Attribute. Explain with example.
2. Define classification of data? Explain its objectives.
3. Explain the methods of classification of data giving Suitable examples.
4. Explain discrete and continuous variables with examples.
5. Define series and explain the different types of series.
6. Define Frequency distribution. State the principles required to be observed in its formation.
7. Explain with illustration the “Inclusive” and “Exclusive” methods used in classification of data.
8. Distinguish between univariate and bivariate frequency distributions.
9. Distingush between discrete and continuous variable.
10. What is loss of Information in classified data?
4 marks questions
1. Name the methods of classification.
2. Define an Individual series.
3. What do you mean by a discrete series? What does the frequency indicate in these series?
4. Define a continuous series. What does the frequency represent in this case?
5. Differentiate between individual series and discrete series.
6 marks questions
1. Prepare a statistical table from the following data taking the class width as 7 by inclusive method
28 17 15 22 29 21 23 27 18 12
7 2 9 4 6 1 8 3 10 5
20 16 12 8 4 33 27 21 15 9
3 36 27 18 9 2 4 6 32 31
29 18 14 13 15 11 5 7 1 5
37
32 28 26 24
2. Prepare a discrete series from the following data
62 50 57 58 51 53 62 64 60 61
60 51 64 55 55 52 60 65 58 60
59 52 63 56 56 58 64 63 62 60
58 54 62 54 54 60 65 60 62 59
65 56 63 52 53 62 53 61 61 59
3. Prepare “less than” and “More than” cumulative frequency distribution of the following data;
Wage(Rs) 140‐150 150‐160 160=170 170‐180 180‐190 190‐200
No of Workers 5 10 20 9 6 2
1. Find out the frequency distribution and :”More than” cumulative frequency table
Price
(Rs)Below
10 20 30 40 50 60
17 22 29 37 50 60
4. If class mid points in a frequency distribution of a group of persons are
125,132,139.146.151.160.167.174.181 pounds .find size of class intervals.
5. Change the following into continuous series and convert the series into “less than” and “more than
”cumulative series;
Marks (Mid
points)
5 15 25 35 45 55
No of
students
8 12 15 9 4 2
4. Presentation of data (12 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Explain the division of graph paper.
2. Name the different types of frequency distribution graphs.
3. Define histogram.
4. How is frequency polygon drawn?
5. How is frequency polygon drawn?
6. How cumulative frequency curve (Ogive) is is drawn?
7. Where the diagrammatic presentation can be seen.
8. What is the importance of diagram?
9. Distinguish between simple bar diagrams and sub‐divided Bar diagram.
10. Is pie diagram a bar diagram?
11. What is text presentation?
12. Distinguish between semi‐tabula and tabular presentation.
13. Define tabulation?
14. Write three essentials of a satisfactory table?
15. What are parts to be present in a table? Write any three
Short questions 3 marks questions
1. The frequency distribution of marks obtained by students in a class test is given below .Draw a histogram to
represent the frequency distribution of marks. Comment on the shape of the histogram.
Marks 0‐10 10‐20 20‐30 30‐40 40‐50
1. No of
studen
ts
3 10 14 10 3
2. Discuss the utility of graphic presentation of data? What points should be taken into account in construction of
graphs?
3. What are the advantages and defects of graphic presentation? Discuss its utility in comparison to tables and
diagrams.
4. Explain the general rules to construct graph.
5. What are the uses of diagrammatic and graphical represents? Name the Different types of diagrams used in
statistics.
6. Name the commonly used graphs. Explain how a time series graph is prepared?
7. Explain the various types of graphs used in presentation of data.
8. Distinguish between ‘Bar diagram’ and ‘Histogram’.
9. Explain the difference between frequency polygon and histogram. Give Illustration.
10. What does the total area under a frequency curve represent ?
4 marks question
1. State the advantages of tabular presentation of data,
2. Describe the major functional parts of statistical table. Draw a structure of a table showing all these parts.
3. What is statistical table? Explain briefly the main characteristics of a good statistical table.
4. What are the points to be taken into account while preparing a table?
5. Explain and discuss the various types of table used in a survey after the data have been collected.
6 marks question
1. Distinguish between tabulation and classification. Explain the objects of tabulation.
2. Discuss briefly the importance of tabulation .
3. What are the uses of diagrammatic and graphical representation?
4. What are the objectives of diagram? Explain the various rules of showing a diagram.
5. What do you understand by diagram? State their utility.
6. Diagrams are less accurate but more effective than table in presenting the data. Explain,
6. What are the merits and limitations of diagrammatic representation of statistical data?
7. Explain Bar diagram and Pie diagram with suitable diagram.
8. Present the following data by simple bar diagram
Year 2004‐05 2005‐06 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09
Production(million
tons)
77.22 78.17 88.42 99.80 103.50
5. Measures of central tendency (12 marks)
1 marks question
1. Define median. What do you do with the data set before locating median?
2. Give the formula for locating median in individual, discrete and continuous series.
3. Mention any two merits and demerits of median.
4. Give formula for locating, Lower and upper quartiles in individual discrete and continuous series.
5. What do you mean by Mode?
6. Mention two merits and demerits of Mode.
7. Of the different measures of central tendency, which is the most representative and why?
8. What are the different types of averages? Give names of each.
9. Define an average. Why do we call an average to be measures of central tendency?
10. What are the different types of average? Also explain properties of mean.
11. Give the definition of arithmetic average.
12. Write the formula for calculating arithmetic mean.
13. Write any one objective of an average
14. Give the definition for combined mean
15. Mention 2 main forms of arithmetic mean.
3 marks questions
1. Calculate arithmetic mean of the following information;
a. marks obtained by 10 students
;30,62,47,25,52,39,56,66,12,24
b. Income of 7 families (Rs) 550,490,670,890,435,590,575.
2. Calculate mean of the following series;
Size 4 5 6 7 9 9 10
Frequency 6 12 15 28 20 14 5
3. Calculate mean of the following frequency distribution:
Values 60 62 64 67 70 73 77 81 85 89
Frequency 54 82 103 176 212 180 115 78 50 21
4. A candidate obtain 46% marks in English, 67% marks in mathematics, 53% marks in Hindi, 72% marks in
History and 58% marks in Economics. It is agreed to give triple weights to marks in English and double
weight to marks in mathematics as compared to other subjects. Calculate weighted Mean. Also compare it
with simple arithmetic mean.
5. The mean marks of 100 students were found to be 40. Later on it was discovered that a score of 53 was
misread as 83.find the corrected mean corresponding to the corrected score
6. Define Median. Discuss its merits and Demerits.
7. Distinguish between Average and partition values.
8. Define the first and Third Quartile. Explain how the quartiles can be read from the “less than” ogive.
9. Define Mode. Discuss its merits and Demerits.
10. Compare the arithmetic mean, Median, and Mode as measures of central tendency, Describe situation
where one is more suitable than the others.
4 marks question
1. What is a statistical average? Mention different types of averages.
2. What are the functions of an average? Discuss the characteristics of good average.
3. Which of the average posses of these characteristics/?
4. What is meant by “central Tendency”? Discuss the essentials of a measure of central tendency.
5. Define the Mean. Also explain properties of mean.
6 marks question
1. Why arithmetic mean is is the most commonly used measure of central tendency?
2. Show with Illustration that the sum of deviation of the values of the variable from their arithmetic mean is equal
to zero.
3. Define a Weighted mean. How does it differ from unweighted mean?
4. What are the uses of Weighted mean?
5. Give eight characteristics of a good average.
6. Measures of Dispersion (7 mark)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Mention important measures of dispersion.
2. Give two objectives of the measures of dispersion.
3. Mention any four characteristics of a good measure of dispersion.
4. Define range. Mention any two uses of range.
5. How the absolute measures of dispersion are different than the relative measures?
6. Mention two merits and demerits of range.
7. What is meant by deviation .Define it.
8. What is standard deviation?
9. What is coefficient of mean deviation?
10. What is line of equal distribution?
11. Define dispersion
12. How is coefficient of range calculated?
13. Give the formula of inter‐quartile Deviation and quartile deviation.
14. Give the formula of calculating mean deviation in a continuous series.
15. Calculate range and its coefficient from the following data on marks obtained by 7 student
10,14,18,22,45,60,65
3 marks questions
1. The daily wages of ten workers are given below .Find out range and its coefficient
No of
Workers
A B C D E F G H I J
Wages
in Rs
175 50 50 55 100 90 125 145 70 60
2. Find Range and coefficient of range of the following;
60,72,36,85,35,52,72..
3. Calculate range and coefficient of range for the following data;
Income in
Rs
50 70 80 90 100 120 130 150
No of
Workers
2 8 12 7 4 3 8 6
4. Calculate Mean deviation from arithmetic mean and Median
5. What do you mean by dispersion? How is it linked to the measures of central tendency?
6. Mention the merits of mean deviation.
Marks 41 66 59 38 54 21 32 49 68
7. Which is the best measure of dispersion?
8. Using an illustration, Explain how mean deviation is calculated in discrete series using median.
9. Explain the reason of studying measures of dispersion.
10. Mention 5 characteristics of an ideal measure of dispersion.
4 marks question
1. What is the meaning of dispersion and what are its objectives?
2. A measure of dispersion is a good supplement to the central value in understanding frequency
distribution. Comment.
3. Define the first and third quartiles. Explain how the quartiles are used to calculate dispersion values?
4. What do you understand by mean deviation?
5. In what why mean deviation a better measure of dispersion than range and quartile deviation?
6 marks question
1. What do you understand by variability? What is the need of calculating a measure of variability?
2. In what why Standard deviation is a better measure of dispersion than mean deviation?
3. Make a comparative study of various measures.
4. Write a short note on Quartile Deviation.
5. “Standard deviation of heights measured in inches will be larger than the standard deviation of
heights measured in feet for the same group of individuals” Comment on the validity of the above
statement.
7. Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. When was India's first official census operation undertaken?
2. What is meant by Colonialism?
3. What was the main reason for the stagnation in the agricultural sector under the British rule?
4. What was the main focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India?
5. What was the rate of growth of per capita output per year during the first half of the twentieth century?
6. Which traditional industries was India particularly well known for before the advent of the British rule?
7. Give two reasons for low level of agricultural productivity during the colonial rule.
8. Name some notable economics, who estimated India's per capita income during the colonial period.
9. Which Indian industry was adversely affected due to the partition?
10. Give the meaning of occupational structure.
11. Name some modern industries which were in operation in our country at the time of independence.
12. Which year is regarded as the defining year to mark the demographic transition from its first to the second
decisive stage?
13. What was the affect of the decline of the handicraft industry in India?
14. What do you mean by commercialization of agriculture?
15. What was the main cause of food shortage in the India after partition?
Short Answer type Questions (3 Marks each)
1. Define birth rate.
2. What is meant by death rate?
3. Mention the most important infrastructure developed during the British period.
4. What was the two‐fold motive behind the systematic de‐industrialization effected by the British in preindependent
India?
5. What do you understand by the drain of India wealth during the colonial period?
6. Highlight the salient features of India's pre‐independence occupational structure.
7. State three reasons for development of railways in India.
8. Discuss the adverse effects of partition of the country on the agriculture sector.
9. Briefly discuss the state of roads and railways during the British rule.
10. Discuss the land settlement system introduced under the British rule.
(4 Marks each)
1. State four main features of Indian economy at the time of independence.
2. 'Decline of handicraft industry adversely affected the Indian economy'. Comment.
3. What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India ? What were
the impacts of these policies?
4. How did commercialization of agriculture resulted in famines?
5. What were the main causes of India's agricultural stagnation during the colonial period?
6. Critically apprise some of the shortfalls of the industrial policy pursued by the British colonial
administration.
7. The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view?
Give reasons in support of your answer.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. What objectives did the British intend to achieve through their policies of infrastructure development in
India?
2. Give a quantitative appraisal of India's demographic profile during the colonial period.
3. Underscore some of India's most crucial economic challenges at the time of independence.
4. Were there any positive contributions made by the British in India? Discuss.
5. Discuss the state of India's foreign trade during the colonial rule.
6. Describe briefly the conditions of the economy that India inherited from her colonial past.
8. Indian Economy (1950‐1990) {5 marks}
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. What is an economic system?
2. What are the three main central problems of an economy?
3. Define a plan.
4. Why should plans have goals?
5. When was the Planning Commission set up?
6. Define Gross Domestic Product.
7. What are miracle seeds?
8. What is meant by marketable surplus?
9. Does modernization as a planning objective create contradiction in employment generation?
10. What is meant by sectoral composition of an economy?
11. "Service sector contributed maximum to the GDP in 1990." What does it indicate about a country?
12. Why, despite the implementation of green revolution, 65 percent of our population continued to be engaged in
the agriculture sector till 1990?
13. Why did India opt for planning?
14. What do we mean by import substitution?
15. What are the two ways by which domestic industries can be protected from imports?
3 marks each
1. What are tariffs?
2. What are quotes?
3. What was the basic aim for abolition of intermediaries?
4. What do you mean by land ceilings?
5. Name the basic goals of India development, which serve as guiding principles of India planning.
6. What do you mean by growth?
7. Mention the important objectives of Land Reforms in India.
8. Why was it necessary for a developing country like India to follow self‐reliance as a planning objective?
9. Why was goal of equity not fully achieved even after abolition of Intermediaries?
10. Explain the statement that green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient foodgrains to build its
stocks that could be used during times of shortage.
(4 Marks each)
1. While subsidies encourage fanners to use new technology, they are a huge burden on government finances.
Discuss the usefulness of subsidies in the light of this face.
2. What are the three principal dimensions of the objective of social justice?
3. "Green Revolution experienced the success in two phases ". Comment.
4. Discuss any three achievements of Green Revolution.
5. How were the industries classified according to the Industrial Policy Resolution 1956?
6. State the various objectives of industrial licensing.
7. What is Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and how did it benefit the farmers? Explain in brief.
8. Why was public sector given a leading role in industrial development during the planning period?
9. Though public sector is very essential for industries, many public sector undertakings incur huge losses and are a
drain on the economy's resources. Discuss the usefulness of public sector undertakings in the light of this fact.
10. Explain how import substitution can protect domestic industry.
11. Explain the need and type of land reforms implemented in the agriculture sector.
12. Even though green revolution helped India to achieve self‐sufficiency in food grains, still it suffered from certain
limitations. Discuss the various shortcomings of green revolution.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. "Subsidies put a huge burden on the government's finances, but are necessary for poor and marginal farmers."
Comment.
2. Critically appraise the development of agriculture between 1950 and 1990.
3. Briefly discuss the policy of industrial licensing.
4. Discuss the various points of importance of small‐industries.
5. Evaluate the inward looking trade strategy adopted by the government.
6. Critically evaluate the industrial development during the period of 1950 to 1990.
9. Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization: An Appraisal (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Marks each)
1. How many countries are members of the WTO?
2. What is the most important function of RBI?
3. Give the meaning of privatization.
4. What do you understand by devaluation of rupee?
5. Why were tariffs imposed on imports?
6. Give the meaning of bilateral trade.
7. What do you mean by globalization?
8. What is meant by multi‐lateral trade?
9. Name two services outsourced from India?
10. What is the meaning of quantitative restrictions?
11. Out of loss making and profit making PSUs, which should be privatized.
12. Why outstanding is good for India?
13. Name any one industry, for which license is needed.
14. What do you mean by tariff barriers?
15. Give the meaning of non‐tariff barriers?
3 marks each
1. Why do developed countries oppose outstanding of work to India?
2. Mention the advantages, which make India a favorites outsourcing destination.
3. Name any two industries, which are exclusively reserved for the public sector.
4. Do you think the navaratna policy of the government helped in improving the performance of public sector
undertakings in India?
5. Why is new economic policy known as the policy of economic reforms?
6. Mention any three causes, which were responsible for economic reforms (1990‐91 crises).
7. Briefly discuss the two kinds of measures, in which new economic policy can be classified.
8. Name the three principal features of the New Economic Policy?
9. "Economic reforms changed 'LQP to 'LPG', Comment.
10. What are the important reforms introduced in the foreign exchange market?
(4 Marks each)
1. Agriculture sector appears to be adversely affected by the reform process. Why?
2. Discuss the fiscal reforms introduced under the New Economic Policy of 1991.
3. Those public sector undertakings which are making profits should be privatized. Do you agree with this
view?
4. Discuss the trade and investment policy reforms introduced under the new economic policy.
5. Discuss any three points in favor of privatization.
6. "The process of globalization has produced positive as well as negative results". Comment.
7. Discuss the concept of outsourcing. Name some of the services, which are being outsourced to India by
the developed countries.
8. Mention the major functions of World Trade Organization.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. Why were reforms introduced in India?
2. Explain the arguments in favor of new economic policy.
3. Discuss the industrial sector reforms introduced under the new economic policy.
4. Explain in brief, the liberalization reforms introduced in the financial sector.
5. What is meant by privatization? What are the two in which privatization can be done? Mention any two merits
of privatization.
6. Briefly discuss the various drawbacks of privatization.
7. What do you understand by the term ‘Globalization’? Mention any 4 changes made by the globalization of the
Indian economy.
8. Why has the industrial sector performed poorly in the reform period?
9. Discuss the role of World Trade Organization in the globalization of the world economics.
10. Explain in brief, the various points or criticism of economic reforms.
10. Poverty(5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. Define Poverty.
2. Name two measures to determine the extent of poverty.
3. What is the minimum calorie intake estimated for rural and urban areas?
4. Why has higher calorie intake fixed for rural areas?
5. How can creation of income earning assets address the problem of poverty?
6. What is meant by absolute poverty?
7. The poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas. Why?
8. Name the programme initiated by the government to help the elderly people and poor and destitute women?
9. What is meant by head count ratio?
10. What is the amount of consumption expenditure to determine poverty line in India?
11. Which organization collects data on poverty in India?
12. Distinguish between absolute and relative poverty.
13. Where do you think the incidence of poverty is greater, rural areas or urban areas?
14. What percentage of population was below the poverty line in the year 2000‐05?
15. How does illiteracy among Indians lead to poverty?
(3 Marks each)
1. What is the difference between relative and absolute poverty? Which measure is generally considered
to determine the extent of poverty?
2. 'India's Socio‐cultural set up is responsible for existence or poverty", Do you agree with this statement?
3. Discuss the common characteristics of poor people.
4. Is there any relationship between unemployment and poverty?
5. How does low rate of economic development leads to poverty?
6. List some of the poverty alleviation programmes initiated by the Government?
7. "In spite of being rich in resources, political factors in India have always made the country poor".
8. Write a short role on 'Minimum Needs Program'.
9. Briefly discuss the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
10. 'Rapid economic growth is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for poverty alleviation". Mention
the other causes of poverty.
4 marks each
1. Name the three main projects of Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana.
2. Name the three programmes that aim at improving the food and nutritional status of the poor.
3. Briefly explain the three dimensional attack on poverty, adopted by the government.
4. Discuss the various measures, which can be taken to eradicate poverty in India.
5. 'The poverty alleviation programmers have been found unsatisfactory due to number of reasons.'
Comment.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural
to urban areas? Use the trends in poverty ratio to support your answer.
2. Discuss the concept of poverty line.
3. Write a note on magnitude of poverty, with special emphasis on extent or rural and urban poverty in India.
4. Discuss the various causes of poverty.
5. Briefly describe any two poverty alleviation programmed, launched by the government, for provision of
employment opportunities.
6. Write short notes on : (i) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana : (ii) National Social Assistance Programmes.
11. Human Capital Formation (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. What is meant by physical capital?
2. What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?
3. Which are the various forms of health expenditures?
4. Give the meaning of human capital.
5. Why do we observe regional differences in educational attainment in India?
6. Why has India not been able to achieve 100 percent literacy even till today?
7. What is meant by human capital formation?
8. Why do we need to invest in human capital?
9. Mention two government organizations each, that regulate the health and education sectors.
10. Why there is a need to promote women's education in India.
11. Why do people migrate?
12. Why there is need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective
utilization of human resources.
13. How is on the job training a source of human capital formation?
14. Why are workers required to work for a certain period after the on the job training?
15. What do the difference in male and female literacy rates indicate?
Short Answer type Questions (3 Mark each)
1. How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?
2. Bring out the need for on the job training for a person.
3. "Higher productivity and production is the result of investment in human resources." Do you agree with this
statement?
4. Education is considered as an important input for the development of a nation. How?
5. Examine the role of education in the economic development of a nation.
6. Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation: (i) Health infrastructure (ii) Expenditure on
migration.
7. What factors contribute to human capital formation?
(4 Marks each)
1. How does expenditure on information act as a source of human capital formation?
2. "Human capital formation leads to inventions, innovations, and technological improvement".
3. How does human capital formation increase the life expectancy and improves quality of life?
4. "High growth of population is one of the reasons for poor human capital formation in India". Elucidate.
5. Write a short note on literacy rate of India.
6 marks question
1. Bring out the difference between human capital and human development.
2. "There is a serious need for effective policy towards human capital". Comment.
3. How does investment in human capital contribute to growth ?
4. Discuss the importance of human capital formation.
5. What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
6. Write short notes on: (i) Higher Education (ii) Technical Education.
12. COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE OF INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Marks each):
1. Out of India, China and Pakistan, which country has the highest workforce engaged in agriculture?
2. When were reforms introduced in all the three economies?
3. Name the program started in China with aim of industrialization.
4. What is meant by adult literacy rate?
5. Name two indicators of human development.
6. What was the major reason for the low population growth in China?
7. Between India and China, which country has higher value of human development index?
8. Mention some examples of regional and economic groupings.
9. In which country, Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was introduced?
10. Give the meaning of infant mortality rate.
11. Which country has the highest life expectancy – India, China or Pakistan?
12. Out of China, Pakistan and India, which country has the largest contribution of the service sector to the GDP?
13. Explain the 'Great Leap Forward' campaign of China, initiated in 1958.
14. What is the important implication of the 'one child norm' in China?
15. Why China's population growth rate has sharply declined as compared to India and Pakistan?
(3 Marks each)
1. Briefly discuss the similarities in the developmental strategies followed by India. Pakistan and China.
2. Mention the various indicators of human development.
3. Compare and contrast India and China's sectoral contribution towards GDP in 2003. What does it indicate?
4. Give reasons for the slow growth and re‐emergence of poverty in Pakistan.
5. How is China's experience different from that of India and Pakistan, in its industrial development?
6. Compare the GDP growth of China, India and Pakistan.
7. Briefly describe the progress in regard to secondary education in India.
8. Bring out the need for on‐the‐job traing for a person.
9. Why is technical education essential?
10. How is human development a broader termas compard to human capital?
(4 Marks each):
1. China's rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Do you agree? Elucidate.
2. Mention the salient demographic indicators of China, Pakistan and India.
3. State the problems faced by GLF Campaign.
4. Compare the demographic indicators of India with China and Pakistan.
5. "The economies of China, India and Pakistan differ in terms of sectoral growth." Comment
(6 Marks each):
1. "China performed better than India." Comment
2. Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan, with respect to some salient human
development indicators.
3. Evaluate the various factors that led to the rapid growth in economic development in China.
4. Compare India and China on the basis of: (i) People below Poverty Line; (ii) Growth Rate of Population; and
(iii) Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product.
5. Among the three sectors of the economy, which sector became the driving force for achieving a higher
growth rate in India and China?
13.Rural Development(3 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. What do you mean by rural development?
2. Why is agricultural diversification essential for sustainable livelihoods?
3. What is Cooperative marketing?
4. What do you mean by agricultural marketing?
5. What are the Two Aspects of diversification of activities?
6. Classify rural credits on the basis of time.
7. Which is the Apex Institution in rural financing?
8. Name three Institutional Sources of agricultural credit.
9. What is organic farming?
10. What is micro finance?
11. How can the credit needs of the farmers be classified according to the time?
12. Discuss the importance of credit in rural development.
13. Critically evaluate the role of the Rural banking system in the process of rural development in India.
14. Mention some of the remedial measures, which are needed to overcome the shortcomings of agricultural
marketing.
15. What is organic farming?
3 marks questions
1. State any three benefits of Institutional sources of credits.
2. Explain the role of micro credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor,
3. Discuss the role of National Banks of Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) in rural credit.
4. Enlist some of the problems faced by farmers during the initial years of organic farming.
5. What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
6. Discuss the non‐institutional source of rural credit.
7. Discuss the various problems being faced in the process of rural banking.
8. Explain the step taken by the government in developing rural markets.
9. Discuss the role of commercial banks and Co‐operative Credit in rural credit.
10. What do you mean by agriculture diversification? Why it is required? What are the two aspects of
diversification?
4 marks questions
1. Discuss the defects that hinder the mechanism of agricultural marketing.
2. Identify the benefits and limitations of organic farming ,
3. “Animal husbandry and fisheries have become important Non‐farm areas of employment.” Defend OR
Refute.
4. “Horticulture is an important sector for potential diversification and value addition in agriculture.”
Comment.
5. Information and technology (IT) is playing an important role in acting as a source of sustainable living in rural
areas. Elucidate.
6 marks question
1. What do you mean by rural development ?Bring out the Key issues in rural development.
2. Describe the main sources of agricultural credit in India.
3. What are the main weaknessesof institutional agricultural finance?How can they be solved?
4. Critically evaluate the important government measures to improve the system of agricultural
marketing in India.
5. Explain how does information technology play an important role in achieving sustainable
development and food security.
14.Employment growth, Informalisation and other issues(1 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Who is a worker?
2. Why do people work?
3. Who all are included in labor force?
4. Give the meaning of work force.
5. Define worker‐population ratio.
6. What is meant by Labor Force participation rate?
7. What is Informalisation of workforce?
8. Why does rural workforce migrate to urban areas during some part of the years?
9. Who is casual wage laborer?
10. What is meant by frictional unemployment?
11. What is the difference between labor force and work force?
12. Discuss the two main forms of wage employment?
13. Analyze the recent trends in sectorial distribution of workforce in India.
14. How does prolonged unemployment make a person unemployable?
15. Do you think that in the last 50 years employment generated in the country is commensurate with the
growth of GDP in India? How?
3 marks questions
1. Discuss the distribution of employment on the basis of gender in India.
2. Discuss the two type of rural unemployment.
3. Discuss the reasons for casualisation of workforce
4. Is it necessary to generate employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector?
5. Discuss in brief the distribution of employment in different sectors of economy on the bias of gender.
6. What do you mean by employment? Discuss the two main forms of employment.
7. Briefly discuss the various causes of employment.
8. Discuss the Male‐Female distribution of workforce on the basis of region in India,
9. Briefly discuss the distribution of employment in different sectors of economy,
10. Discuss the various remedial measures, which are needed to solve the problem of unemployment in India.
4 marks question
1. Discuss the steps taken by the government to solve the problem of unemployment in India.
2. Write short notes on
a. Educated Unemployment
b. Open Unemployment
c. Cyclical Unemployment
3. What do you mean by casualisation of workhouse? Discuss the concept with relevant facts.
4. What do you mean by organized sector? Discuss the reason for fall in employment in the organized sector.
5. Discuss the concept of frictional and structural unemployment.
6 marks question
1. Explain the main features of worker population ratio in India.
2. What are the main categories of workers according to status in India? What is the distribution of
worker among these categories?
3. What are the main types of unemployment in the Indian economy?Discuss any two.
4. What are the main causes of unemployment in India?Discribe in brief.
5. Describe the two main reasons and two remedial measures of the problem of unemployment in India>
15.Infrastructure (5 marks)
1 marks question
1. What do you mean by the term “Infrastructure”?
2. Mention one advantages of Infrastructure?
3. Give the meaning of conventional sources of energy.
4. What do you mean by transmission and distribution losses?
5. How can transmission and distribution losses be reduced?
6. What is the meaning of Non‐conventional sources of energy?
7. What are the indicators of health status of a country?
8. Give the meaning of commercial sources of energy.
9. What is meant by Non‐conventional energy?
10. Name some of the commercial and Non‐commercial sources of energy?
11. Explain the two categories, into which infrastructure is divided. How are both interdependent?
12. Infrastructure contributes to the economic development of a country do you agree? Explain.
13. Discuss in brief, the state of rural infrastructure in India?
14. How do infrastructure facilities boost production?
15. What are the three basic sources of generating power?
3 marks questions
1. How has women’s health become a matter of great concern?
2. Write a short note on the alternative systems of health care in India.
3. Distinguish between conventional and Non‐Conventional sources of energy.
4. What do you mean by primary and secondary sources of energy?
5. “Both economic and social infrastructures are crucial” Do you agree with this statement?
6. What is the significance of energy? Differentiate between commercial and Non‐commercial sources of energy.
7. Briefly discuss the correct of economic and Social Infrastructure?
8. How does infrastructure play an important role in the social and economic development of a country?
9. How has the Consumption pattern of energy changed over the years?
10. What problems are being faced by the power sector in India?
4 marks questions
1. Discuss the main drawback of our health care system.
2. Briefly discuss the various measures needed to meet the power crisis in India.
3. Discuss the role of private sector in providing health services in India.
4. “People living in rural areas do not have sufficient health infrastructure”. Comment.
5. What do you understand by global burden of diseases?
6 marks questions
1. Explain the meaning and importance of infrastructure in an economy>
2. Explain the two categories in which infrastructure is divided .How are both interdependent?
3. Describe the main sources of energy in India. Also describe the changes in the consumption pattern of
energy in our country?
4. Explain the problem of power shortage and efforts made to improve the situation in India.
5. Discuss the reforms Which have been initiated recently to meet the energy crisis in India.
16.Environment and Sustainable Development (5 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. What is meant by environment?
2. What does environment include?
3. What do you mean by biotic element?
4. What is included under abiotic elements?
5. Give the meaning of renewable resources.
6. What do you mean by Non‐renewable resources?
7. What happens when the rate of resources extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?
8. What do you mean by the carrying capacity of environment?
9. How the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high?
10. What do you mean by pollution?
11. What are the functions of the environment?
12. Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.
13. “Urbanization degraded the environment.” Comment.
14. Outline the steps involved in attaining sustainable development in India.
15. India has abundant natural resources‐sustainable the statement.
3 marks questions
1. What do you mean by sustainable development? What does Aim to ensure.
2. What do you mean by pollution? State the three main types of pollution.
3. Briefly discuss the concept of air pollution.
4. How does poverty lead to degradation of environment?
5. Mention any three ways to control air pollution.
6. Discuss in brief, the meaning of Ozone depletion.
7. “The pattern of economic growth has caused much damage to the environment.” Do you agree with this
statement?
8. Discuss the various reasons for environmental crisis.
9. Explain in brief, the strategies for sustainable development.
10. Briefly discuss the various cause of environmental degradation.
4 marks questions
1. What do you mean by global warming? Why does it occur? How can it adversely affect the earth?
2. Discuss the two important form of environmental degradation
3. Briefly discuss the measures needed to control environmental degradation?
4. Discuss the five rules, which should be followed to achieve sustainable development.
5. Write short notes on Water pollution, Noise pollution.
6 marks questions
1. “Industrialization and agricultural development resulted in environmental Degradation.”Defend OR Refute.
2. Discuss the meaning and main functions of environment.
3. What are the main causes of environment degradation in India?
4. What do you understand by the concept of sustainable development? Explain.
5. Write Short notes on following environmental problem.
a. Air pollution
b. Deforestation
c. Loss of Bio‐diversity
1. Economics-An introduction (3 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Define the term scarcity as used in Economics?
2. What is meant by Economics?
3. How has Marshall defined Economics?
4. Define the wealth definition of economics as given by Adam Smith.
5. Who is a consumer?
6. Who is a producer?
7. What is consumption?
8. Who is a service holder?
9. What is production?
10. Who is service provider?
11. What is meant by distribution?
12. What is meant by economic activity?
13. What is meant by non economic activity?
14. How will you choose the wants to be satisfied?
15. What is the root cause of all economic problems?
3 marks questions
1. “Economics is a study of scarcity”Discuss?
2. Explain welfare definition of economics.
3. Discuss briefly the definition of economics as given by Adam Smith?
4. Briefly discuss the meaning of economic and non economic activities.
5. What are your reasons for studying economics?
6. Discuss the three main economic activities?
7. Discuss the main characteristics of scarcity definition given by Robbins.
8. You have unlimited wants and limited resources to satisfy them. Explain by giving two examples.
9. Briefly discuss the most accepted definition of economics.
10. Make a list of economic activities that constitute the ordinary business of life.
4 marks question
1. Explain the meaning of statistics in plural sense.
2. Enumerate five characteristics of statistics.
3. Statistical results lead to fallacious conclusions. Explain the statement briefly.
4. Briefly explain, why the statistical relations are generally inexact?
5. What are the uses of statistics in economics?
6 marks questions
1. What do you mean by distrust of statistics?discuss the limitationsof statistics.
2. Statistics is the study of numerating facts. Discuss the statement.
3. What are the differences between quantitative and qualitative data?Give an example of each.
4. Use of statistical methods is indispensable both in experimental methods is indispensable both in
experimental and non –experimental sciences. Why?
5. Statistics is the science of averages. Explain briefly with example.
2. Collection of Data(8 marks)
1 marks question
1. What do you by a statistical enquiry?
2. What are the two main sources of data?
3. Name the different type of data.
4. What do you mean by Primary Data?
5. What is the meaning of secondary data?
6. Mention the 2 source of secondary data?
7. Mention 2 important sources of published data?
8. State the name and data which involve less and expenses.
9. State 2 merits of primary data?
10.State 2 demerits of primary data?
11. Out of primary & secondary data, which one is collected for a definite purpose?
12.In which type of data, precaution is highly required?
13.Explain the meaning of statistical enquiry or survey.
14.What do you mean by primary data? Mention the different method for collecting primary
data.
15.What do you mean by secondary data? Mention its source.
3 marks questions
1. What is meant by Direct Personal Investigation? Give its merit and demerits.
2. Differentiate between direct personal investigation interview and indirect oral investigation.
3. Explain the meaning of indirect oral investigation. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
4. Mention the precaution to be observed under direct personal interview and indirect oral
investigation.
5. Explain briefly the method of collecting data through mailed questionnaire. State its merits
and demerits?
6. Discuss the method of collecting data through ‘Questionnaires Filled by Enumerators’. Also
give its 2 merits and demerits.
7. How can data be collected through ‘Telephonic Interview’. Mention its 2 merits and one
demerit.
8. How the details collected through ‘information from correspondents’. Mention its two merits
and one demerit.
9. Distinguish between census and sampling methods of data collection.
10.Distinguish between ‘primary data’ and secondary data’. Which data is more reliable and
why?
4 marks question
1. What are the various methods of collecting primary data? Explain any one method along with
its merits and demerits.
2. Discuss the published sources of secondary data.
3. Write short note on:
4. Census of India;
5. National sample survey Organization.
6 marks question
1. Discuss the precaution to be considered while making use of secondary data.
2. What do you mean by a questionnaire? Discuss the principles which should be followed
while drafting a good questionnaire?
3. What do you mean by census method? Give its merits demerits.
4. What is the meaning of sampling method? Give the merits and demerits of sampling method.
5. Explain briefly the random method of collecting samples.
6. Explain briefly the technique of:
7. Stratified Random Sampling
8. Systemic Sampling
9. Cluster Sampling
10.Multistage Sampling
3. Organization of data (4 marks)
1 marks questions
1. What do you mean by geographical classification?
2. Define statistical series’
3. What is an exclusive series?
4. Name the types of statistical series.
5. Define frequency distribution.
6. What is a variable?
7. Explain classification of data.
8. Explain types of statistical series.
9. What are the objectives of classification?
10. Defined discrete series.
11. What is meant by continuous series?
12. Explain types of classification of data.
13. What is meant by Tally marks?
14. Define class interval.
15. Distinguish between exclusive and inclusive series.
3 marks questions
1. Distinguish between Variable and Attribute. Explain with example.
2. Define classification of data? Explain its objectives.
3. Explain the methods of classification of data giving Suitable examples.
4. Explain discrete and continuous variables with examples.
5. Define series and explain the different types of series.
6. Define Frequency distribution. State the principles required to be observed in its formation.
7. Explain with illustration the “Inclusive” and “Exclusive” methods used in classification of data.
8. Distinguish between univariate and bivariate frequency distributions.
9. Distingush between discrete and continuous variable.
10. What is loss of Information in classified data?
4 marks questions
1. Name the methods of classification.
2. Define an Individual series.
3. What do you mean by a discrete series? What does the frequency indicate in these series?
4. Define a continuous series. What does the frequency represent in this case?
5. Differentiate between individual series and discrete series.
6 marks questions
1. Prepare a statistical table from the following data taking the class width as 7 by inclusive method
28 17 15 22 29 21 23 27 18 12
7 2 9 4 6 1 8 3 10 5
20 16 12 8 4 33 27 21 15 9
3 36 27 18 9 2 4 6 32 31
29 18 14 13 15 11 5 7 1 5
37
32 28 26 24
2. Prepare a discrete series from the following data
62 50 57 58 51 53 62 64 60 61
60 51 64 55 55 52 60 65 58 60
59 52 63 56 56 58 64 63 62 60
58 54 62 54 54 60 65 60 62 59
65 56 63 52 53 62 53 61 61 59
3. Prepare “less than” and “More than” cumulative frequency distribution of the following data;
Wage(Rs) 140‐150 150‐160 160=170 170‐180 180‐190 190‐200
No of Workers 5 10 20 9 6 2
1. Find out the frequency distribution and :”More than” cumulative frequency table
Price
(Rs)Below
10 20 30 40 50 60
17 22 29 37 50 60
4. If class mid points in a frequency distribution of a group of persons are
125,132,139.146.151.160.167.174.181 pounds .find size of class intervals.
5. Change the following into continuous series and convert the series into “less than” and “more than
”cumulative series;
Marks (Mid
points)
5 15 25 35 45 55
No of
students
8 12 15 9 4 2
4. Presentation of data (12 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Explain the division of graph paper.
2. Name the different types of frequency distribution graphs.
3. Define histogram.
4. How is frequency polygon drawn?
5. How is frequency polygon drawn?
6. How cumulative frequency curve (Ogive) is is drawn?
7. Where the diagrammatic presentation can be seen.
8. What is the importance of diagram?
9. Distinguish between simple bar diagrams and sub‐divided Bar diagram.
10. Is pie diagram a bar diagram?
11. What is text presentation?
12. Distinguish between semi‐tabula and tabular presentation.
13. Define tabulation?
14. Write three essentials of a satisfactory table?
15. What are parts to be present in a table? Write any three
Short questions 3 marks questions
1. The frequency distribution of marks obtained by students in a class test is given below .Draw a histogram to
represent the frequency distribution of marks. Comment on the shape of the histogram.
Marks 0‐10 10‐20 20‐30 30‐40 40‐50
1. No of
studen
ts
3 10 14 10 3
2. Discuss the utility of graphic presentation of data? What points should be taken into account in construction of
graphs?
3. What are the advantages and defects of graphic presentation? Discuss its utility in comparison to tables and
diagrams.
4. Explain the general rules to construct graph.
5. What are the uses of diagrammatic and graphical represents? Name the Different types of diagrams used in
statistics.
6. Name the commonly used graphs. Explain how a time series graph is prepared?
7. Explain the various types of graphs used in presentation of data.
8. Distinguish between ‘Bar diagram’ and ‘Histogram’.
9. Explain the difference between frequency polygon and histogram. Give Illustration.
10. What does the total area under a frequency curve represent ?
4 marks question
1. State the advantages of tabular presentation of data,
2. Describe the major functional parts of statistical table. Draw a structure of a table showing all these parts.
3. What is statistical table? Explain briefly the main characteristics of a good statistical table.
4. What are the points to be taken into account while preparing a table?
5. Explain and discuss the various types of table used in a survey after the data have been collected.
6 marks question
1. Distinguish between tabulation and classification. Explain the objects of tabulation.
2. Discuss briefly the importance of tabulation .
3. What are the uses of diagrammatic and graphical representation?
4. What are the objectives of diagram? Explain the various rules of showing a diagram.
5. What do you understand by diagram? State their utility.
6. Diagrams are less accurate but more effective than table in presenting the data. Explain,
6. What are the merits and limitations of diagrammatic representation of statistical data?
7. Explain Bar diagram and Pie diagram with suitable diagram.
8. Present the following data by simple bar diagram
Year 2004‐05 2005‐06 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09
Production(million
tons)
77.22 78.17 88.42 99.80 103.50
5. Measures of central tendency (12 marks)
1 marks question
1. Define median. What do you do with the data set before locating median?
2. Give the formula for locating median in individual, discrete and continuous series.
3. Mention any two merits and demerits of median.
4. Give formula for locating, Lower and upper quartiles in individual discrete and continuous series.
5. What do you mean by Mode?
6. Mention two merits and demerits of Mode.
7. Of the different measures of central tendency, which is the most representative and why?
8. What are the different types of averages? Give names of each.
9. Define an average. Why do we call an average to be measures of central tendency?
10. What are the different types of average? Also explain properties of mean.
11. Give the definition of arithmetic average.
12. Write the formula for calculating arithmetic mean.
13. Write any one objective of an average
14. Give the definition for combined mean
15. Mention 2 main forms of arithmetic mean.
3 marks questions
1. Calculate arithmetic mean of the following information;
a. marks obtained by 10 students
;30,62,47,25,52,39,56,66,12,24
b. Income of 7 families (Rs) 550,490,670,890,435,590,575.
2. Calculate mean of the following series;
Size 4 5 6 7 9 9 10
Frequency 6 12 15 28 20 14 5
3. Calculate mean of the following frequency distribution:
Values 60 62 64 67 70 73 77 81 85 89
Frequency 54 82 103 176 212 180 115 78 50 21
4. A candidate obtain 46% marks in English, 67% marks in mathematics, 53% marks in Hindi, 72% marks in
History and 58% marks in Economics. It is agreed to give triple weights to marks in English and double
weight to marks in mathematics as compared to other subjects. Calculate weighted Mean. Also compare it
with simple arithmetic mean.
5. The mean marks of 100 students were found to be 40. Later on it was discovered that a score of 53 was
misread as 83.find the corrected mean corresponding to the corrected score
6. Define Median. Discuss its merits and Demerits.
7. Distinguish between Average and partition values.
8. Define the first and Third Quartile. Explain how the quartiles can be read from the “less than” ogive.
9. Define Mode. Discuss its merits and Demerits.
10. Compare the arithmetic mean, Median, and Mode as measures of central tendency, Describe situation
where one is more suitable than the others.
4 marks question
1. What is a statistical average? Mention different types of averages.
2. What are the functions of an average? Discuss the characteristics of good average.
3. Which of the average posses of these characteristics/?
4. What is meant by “central Tendency”? Discuss the essentials of a measure of central tendency.
5. Define the Mean. Also explain properties of mean.
6 marks question
1. Why arithmetic mean is is the most commonly used measure of central tendency?
2. Show with Illustration that the sum of deviation of the values of the variable from their arithmetic mean is equal
to zero.
3. Define a Weighted mean. How does it differ from unweighted mean?
4. What are the uses of Weighted mean?
5. Give eight characteristics of a good average.
6. Measures of Dispersion (7 mark)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Mention important measures of dispersion.
2. Give two objectives of the measures of dispersion.
3. Mention any four characteristics of a good measure of dispersion.
4. Define range. Mention any two uses of range.
5. How the absolute measures of dispersion are different than the relative measures?
6. Mention two merits and demerits of range.
7. What is meant by deviation .Define it.
8. What is standard deviation?
9. What is coefficient of mean deviation?
10. What is line of equal distribution?
11. Define dispersion
12. How is coefficient of range calculated?
13. Give the formula of inter‐quartile Deviation and quartile deviation.
14. Give the formula of calculating mean deviation in a continuous series.
15. Calculate range and its coefficient from the following data on marks obtained by 7 student
10,14,18,22,45,60,65
3 marks questions
1. The daily wages of ten workers are given below .Find out range and its coefficient
No of
Workers
A B C D E F G H I J
Wages
in Rs
175 50 50 55 100 90 125 145 70 60
2. Find Range and coefficient of range of the following;
60,72,36,85,35,52,72..
3. Calculate range and coefficient of range for the following data;
Income in
Rs
50 70 80 90 100 120 130 150
No of
Workers
2 8 12 7 4 3 8 6
4. Calculate Mean deviation from arithmetic mean and Median
5. What do you mean by dispersion? How is it linked to the measures of central tendency?
6. Mention the merits of mean deviation.
Marks 41 66 59 38 54 21 32 49 68
7. Which is the best measure of dispersion?
8. Using an illustration, Explain how mean deviation is calculated in discrete series using median.
9. Explain the reason of studying measures of dispersion.
10. Mention 5 characteristics of an ideal measure of dispersion.
4 marks question
1. What is the meaning of dispersion and what are its objectives?
2. A measure of dispersion is a good supplement to the central value in understanding frequency
distribution. Comment.
3. Define the first and third quartiles. Explain how the quartiles are used to calculate dispersion values?
4. What do you understand by mean deviation?
5. In what why mean deviation a better measure of dispersion than range and quartile deviation?
6 marks question
1. What do you understand by variability? What is the need of calculating a measure of variability?
2. In what why Standard deviation is a better measure of dispersion than mean deviation?
3. Make a comparative study of various measures.
4. Write a short note on Quartile Deviation.
5. “Standard deviation of heights measured in inches will be larger than the standard deviation of
heights measured in feet for the same group of individuals” Comment on the validity of the above
statement.
7. Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. When was India's first official census operation undertaken?
2. What is meant by Colonialism?
3. What was the main reason for the stagnation in the agricultural sector under the British rule?
4. What was the main focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India?
5. What was the rate of growth of per capita output per year during the first half of the twentieth century?
6. Which traditional industries was India particularly well known for before the advent of the British rule?
7. Give two reasons for low level of agricultural productivity during the colonial rule.
8. Name some notable economics, who estimated India's per capita income during the colonial period.
9. Which Indian industry was adversely affected due to the partition?
10. Give the meaning of occupational structure.
11. Name some modern industries which were in operation in our country at the time of independence.
12. Which year is regarded as the defining year to mark the demographic transition from its first to the second
decisive stage?
13. What was the affect of the decline of the handicraft industry in India?
14. What do you mean by commercialization of agriculture?
15. What was the main cause of food shortage in the India after partition?
Short Answer type Questions (3 Marks each)
1. Define birth rate.
2. What is meant by death rate?
3. Mention the most important infrastructure developed during the British period.
4. What was the two‐fold motive behind the systematic de‐industrialization effected by the British in preindependent
India?
5. What do you understand by the drain of India wealth during the colonial period?
6. Highlight the salient features of India's pre‐independence occupational structure.
7. State three reasons for development of railways in India.
8. Discuss the adverse effects of partition of the country on the agriculture sector.
9. Briefly discuss the state of roads and railways during the British rule.
10. Discuss the land settlement system introduced under the British rule.
(4 Marks each)
1. State four main features of Indian economy at the time of independence.
2. 'Decline of handicraft industry adversely affected the Indian economy'. Comment.
3. What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India ? What were
the impacts of these policies?
4. How did commercialization of agriculture resulted in famines?
5. What were the main causes of India's agricultural stagnation during the colonial period?
6. Critically apprise some of the shortfalls of the industrial policy pursued by the British colonial
administration.
7. The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view?
Give reasons in support of your answer.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. What objectives did the British intend to achieve through their policies of infrastructure development in
India?
2. Give a quantitative appraisal of India's demographic profile during the colonial period.
3. Underscore some of India's most crucial economic challenges at the time of independence.
4. Were there any positive contributions made by the British in India? Discuss.
5. Discuss the state of India's foreign trade during the colonial rule.
6. Describe briefly the conditions of the economy that India inherited from her colonial past.
8. Indian Economy (1950‐1990) {5 marks}
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. What is an economic system?
2. What are the three main central problems of an economy?
3. Define a plan.
4. Why should plans have goals?
5. When was the Planning Commission set up?
6. Define Gross Domestic Product.
7. What are miracle seeds?
8. What is meant by marketable surplus?
9. Does modernization as a planning objective create contradiction in employment generation?
10. What is meant by sectoral composition of an economy?
11. "Service sector contributed maximum to the GDP in 1990." What does it indicate about a country?
12. Why, despite the implementation of green revolution, 65 percent of our population continued to be engaged in
the agriculture sector till 1990?
13. Why did India opt for planning?
14. What do we mean by import substitution?
15. What are the two ways by which domestic industries can be protected from imports?
3 marks each
1. What are tariffs?
2. What are quotes?
3. What was the basic aim for abolition of intermediaries?
4. What do you mean by land ceilings?
5. Name the basic goals of India development, which serve as guiding principles of India planning.
6. What do you mean by growth?
7. Mention the important objectives of Land Reforms in India.
8. Why was it necessary for a developing country like India to follow self‐reliance as a planning objective?
9. Why was goal of equity not fully achieved even after abolition of Intermediaries?
10. Explain the statement that green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient foodgrains to build its
stocks that could be used during times of shortage.
(4 Marks each)
1. While subsidies encourage fanners to use new technology, they are a huge burden on government finances.
Discuss the usefulness of subsidies in the light of this face.
2. What are the three principal dimensions of the objective of social justice?
3. "Green Revolution experienced the success in two phases ". Comment.
4. Discuss any three achievements of Green Revolution.
5. How were the industries classified according to the Industrial Policy Resolution 1956?
6. State the various objectives of industrial licensing.
7. What is Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and how did it benefit the farmers? Explain in brief.
8. Why was public sector given a leading role in industrial development during the planning period?
9. Though public sector is very essential for industries, many public sector undertakings incur huge losses and are a
drain on the economy's resources. Discuss the usefulness of public sector undertakings in the light of this fact.
10. Explain how import substitution can protect domestic industry.
11. Explain the need and type of land reforms implemented in the agriculture sector.
12. Even though green revolution helped India to achieve self‐sufficiency in food grains, still it suffered from certain
limitations. Discuss the various shortcomings of green revolution.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. "Subsidies put a huge burden on the government's finances, but are necessary for poor and marginal farmers."
Comment.
2. Critically appraise the development of agriculture between 1950 and 1990.
3. Briefly discuss the policy of industrial licensing.
4. Discuss the various points of importance of small‐industries.
5. Evaluate the inward looking trade strategy adopted by the government.
6. Critically evaluate the industrial development during the period of 1950 to 1990.
9. Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization: An Appraisal (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Marks each)
1. How many countries are members of the WTO?
2. What is the most important function of RBI?
3. Give the meaning of privatization.
4. What do you understand by devaluation of rupee?
5. Why were tariffs imposed on imports?
6. Give the meaning of bilateral trade.
7. What do you mean by globalization?
8. What is meant by multi‐lateral trade?
9. Name two services outsourced from India?
10. What is the meaning of quantitative restrictions?
11. Out of loss making and profit making PSUs, which should be privatized.
12. Why outstanding is good for India?
13. Name any one industry, for which license is needed.
14. What do you mean by tariff barriers?
15. Give the meaning of non‐tariff barriers?
3 marks each
1. Why do developed countries oppose outstanding of work to India?
2. Mention the advantages, which make India a favorites outsourcing destination.
3. Name any two industries, which are exclusively reserved for the public sector.
4. Do you think the navaratna policy of the government helped in improving the performance of public sector
undertakings in India?
5. Why is new economic policy known as the policy of economic reforms?
6. Mention any three causes, which were responsible for economic reforms (1990‐91 crises).
7. Briefly discuss the two kinds of measures, in which new economic policy can be classified.
8. Name the three principal features of the New Economic Policy?
9. "Economic reforms changed 'LQP to 'LPG', Comment.
10. What are the important reforms introduced in the foreign exchange market?
(4 Marks each)
1. Agriculture sector appears to be adversely affected by the reform process. Why?
2. Discuss the fiscal reforms introduced under the New Economic Policy of 1991.
3. Those public sector undertakings which are making profits should be privatized. Do you agree with this
view?
4. Discuss the trade and investment policy reforms introduced under the new economic policy.
5. Discuss any three points in favor of privatization.
6. "The process of globalization has produced positive as well as negative results". Comment.
7. Discuss the concept of outsourcing. Name some of the services, which are being outsourced to India by
the developed countries.
8. Mention the major functions of World Trade Organization.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. Why were reforms introduced in India?
2. Explain the arguments in favor of new economic policy.
3. Discuss the industrial sector reforms introduced under the new economic policy.
4. Explain in brief, the liberalization reforms introduced in the financial sector.
5. What is meant by privatization? What are the two in which privatization can be done? Mention any two merits
of privatization.
6. Briefly discuss the various drawbacks of privatization.
7. What do you understand by the term ‘Globalization’? Mention any 4 changes made by the globalization of the
Indian economy.
8. Why has the industrial sector performed poorly in the reform period?
9. Discuss the role of World Trade Organization in the globalization of the world economics.
10. Explain in brief, the various points or criticism of economic reforms.
10. Poverty(5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. Define Poverty.
2. Name two measures to determine the extent of poverty.
3. What is the minimum calorie intake estimated for rural and urban areas?
4. Why has higher calorie intake fixed for rural areas?
5. How can creation of income earning assets address the problem of poverty?
6. What is meant by absolute poverty?
7. The poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas. Why?
8. Name the programme initiated by the government to help the elderly people and poor and destitute women?
9. What is meant by head count ratio?
10. What is the amount of consumption expenditure to determine poverty line in India?
11. Which organization collects data on poverty in India?
12. Distinguish between absolute and relative poverty.
13. Where do you think the incidence of poverty is greater, rural areas or urban areas?
14. What percentage of population was below the poverty line in the year 2000‐05?
15. How does illiteracy among Indians lead to poverty?
(3 Marks each)
1. What is the difference between relative and absolute poverty? Which measure is generally considered
to determine the extent of poverty?
2. 'India's Socio‐cultural set up is responsible for existence or poverty", Do you agree with this statement?
3. Discuss the common characteristics of poor people.
4. Is there any relationship between unemployment and poverty?
5. How does low rate of economic development leads to poverty?
6. List some of the poverty alleviation programmes initiated by the Government?
7. "In spite of being rich in resources, political factors in India have always made the country poor".
8. Write a short role on 'Minimum Needs Program'.
9. Briefly discuss the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
10. 'Rapid economic growth is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for poverty alleviation". Mention
the other causes of poverty.
4 marks each
1. Name the three main projects of Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana.
2. Name the three programmes that aim at improving the food and nutritional status of the poor.
3. Briefly explain the three dimensional attack on poverty, adopted by the government.
4. Discuss the various measures, which can be taken to eradicate poverty in India.
5. 'The poverty alleviation programmers have been found unsatisfactory due to number of reasons.'
Comment.
Long Answer type Questions (6 Marks each)
1. Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural
to urban areas? Use the trends in poverty ratio to support your answer.
2. Discuss the concept of poverty line.
3. Write a note on magnitude of poverty, with special emphasis on extent or rural and urban poverty in India.
4. Discuss the various causes of poverty.
5. Briefly describe any two poverty alleviation programmed, launched by the government, for provision of
employment opportunities.
6. Write short notes on : (i) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana : (ii) National Social Assistance Programmes.
11. Human Capital Formation (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Mark each)
1. What is meant by physical capital?
2. What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?
3. Which are the various forms of health expenditures?
4. Give the meaning of human capital.
5. Why do we observe regional differences in educational attainment in India?
6. Why has India not been able to achieve 100 percent literacy even till today?
7. What is meant by human capital formation?
8. Why do we need to invest in human capital?
9. Mention two government organizations each, that regulate the health and education sectors.
10. Why there is a need to promote women's education in India.
11. Why do people migrate?
12. Why there is need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective
utilization of human resources.
13. How is on the job training a source of human capital formation?
14. Why are workers required to work for a certain period after the on the job training?
15. What do the difference in male and female literacy rates indicate?
Short Answer type Questions (3 Mark each)
1. How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?
2. Bring out the need for on the job training for a person.
3. "Higher productivity and production is the result of investment in human resources." Do you agree with this
statement?
4. Education is considered as an important input for the development of a nation. How?
5. Examine the role of education in the economic development of a nation.
6. Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation: (i) Health infrastructure (ii) Expenditure on
migration.
7. What factors contribute to human capital formation?
(4 Marks each)
1. How does expenditure on information act as a source of human capital formation?
2. "Human capital formation leads to inventions, innovations, and technological improvement".
3. How does human capital formation increase the life expectancy and improves quality of life?
4. "High growth of population is one of the reasons for poor human capital formation in India". Elucidate.
5. Write a short note on literacy rate of India.
6 marks question
1. Bring out the difference between human capital and human development.
2. "There is a serious need for effective policy towards human capital". Comment.
3. How does investment in human capital contribute to growth ?
4. Discuss the importance of human capital formation.
5. What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
6. Write short notes on: (i) Higher Education (ii) Technical Education.
12. COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE OF INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS (5 marks)
Very Short Answer type Questions (1 Marks each):
1. Out of India, China and Pakistan, which country has the highest workforce engaged in agriculture?
2. When were reforms introduced in all the three economies?
3. Name the program started in China with aim of industrialization.
4. What is meant by adult literacy rate?
5. Name two indicators of human development.
6. What was the major reason for the low population growth in China?
7. Between India and China, which country has higher value of human development index?
8. Mention some examples of regional and economic groupings.
9. In which country, Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was introduced?
10. Give the meaning of infant mortality rate.
11. Which country has the highest life expectancy – India, China or Pakistan?
12. Out of China, Pakistan and India, which country has the largest contribution of the service sector to the GDP?
13. Explain the 'Great Leap Forward' campaign of China, initiated in 1958.
14. What is the important implication of the 'one child norm' in China?
15. Why China's population growth rate has sharply declined as compared to India and Pakistan?
(3 Marks each)
1. Briefly discuss the similarities in the developmental strategies followed by India. Pakistan and China.
2. Mention the various indicators of human development.
3. Compare and contrast India and China's sectoral contribution towards GDP in 2003. What does it indicate?
4. Give reasons for the slow growth and re‐emergence of poverty in Pakistan.
5. How is China's experience different from that of India and Pakistan, in its industrial development?
6. Compare the GDP growth of China, India and Pakistan.
7. Briefly describe the progress in regard to secondary education in India.
8. Bring out the need for on‐the‐job traing for a person.
9. Why is technical education essential?
10. How is human development a broader termas compard to human capital?
(4 Marks each):
1. China's rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Do you agree? Elucidate.
2. Mention the salient demographic indicators of China, Pakistan and India.
3. State the problems faced by GLF Campaign.
4. Compare the demographic indicators of India with China and Pakistan.
5. "The economies of China, India and Pakistan differ in terms of sectoral growth." Comment
(6 Marks each):
1. "China performed better than India." Comment
2. Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan, with respect to some salient human
development indicators.
3. Evaluate the various factors that led to the rapid growth in economic development in China.
4. Compare India and China on the basis of: (i) People below Poverty Line; (ii) Growth Rate of Population; and
(iii) Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product.
5. Among the three sectors of the economy, which sector became the driving force for achieving a higher
growth rate in India and China?
13.Rural Development(3 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. What do you mean by rural development?
2. Why is agricultural diversification essential for sustainable livelihoods?
3. What is Cooperative marketing?
4. What do you mean by agricultural marketing?
5. What are the Two Aspects of diversification of activities?
6. Classify rural credits on the basis of time.
7. Which is the Apex Institution in rural financing?
8. Name three Institutional Sources of agricultural credit.
9. What is organic farming?
10. What is micro finance?
11. How can the credit needs of the farmers be classified according to the time?
12. Discuss the importance of credit in rural development.
13. Critically evaluate the role of the Rural banking system in the process of rural development in India.
14. Mention some of the remedial measures, which are needed to overcome the shortcomings of agricultural
marketing.
15. What is organic farming?
3 marks questions
1. State any three benefits of Institutional sources of credits.
2. Explain the role of micro credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor,
3. Discuss the role of National Banks of Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) in rural credit.
4. Enlist some of the problems faced by farmers during the initial years of organic farming.
5. What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
6. Discuss the non‐institutional source of rural credit.
7. Discuss the various problems being faced in the process of rural banking.
8. Explain the step taken by the government in developing rural markets.
9. Discuss the role of commercial banks and Co‐operative Credit in rural credit.
10. What do you mean by agriculture diversification? Why it is required? What are the two aspects of
diversification?
4 marks questions
1. Discuss the defects that hinder the mechanism of agricultural marketing.
2. Identify the benefits and limitations of organic farming ,
3. “Animal husbandry and fisheries have become important Non‐farm areas of employment.” Defend OR
Refute.
4. “Horticulture is an important sector for potential diversification and value addition in agriculture.”
Comment.
5. Information and technology (IT) is playing an important role in acting as a source of sustainable living in rural
areas. Elucidate.
6 marks question
1. What do you mean by rural development ?Bring out the Key issues in rural development.
2. Describe the main sources of agricultural credit in India.
3. What are the main weaknessesof institutional agricultural finance?How can they be solved?
4. Critically evaluate the important government measures to improve the system of agricultural
marketing in India.
5. Explain how does information technology play an important role in achieving sustainable
development and food security.
14.Employment growth, Informalisation and other issues(1 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. Who is a worker?
2. Why do people work?
3. Who all are included in labor force?
4. Give the meaning of work force.
5. Define worker‐population ratio.
6. What is meant by Labor Force participation rate?
7. What is Informalisation of workforce?
8. Why does rural workforce migrate to urban areas during some part of the years?
9. Who is casual wage laborer?
10. What is meant by frictional unemployment?
11. What is the difference between labor force and work force?
12. Discuss the two main forms of wage employment?
13. Analyze the recent trends in sectorial distribution of workforce in India.
14. How does prolonged unemployment make a person unemployable?
15. Do you think that in the last 50 years employment generated in the country is commensurate with the
growth of GDP in India? How?
3 marks questions
1. Discuss the distribution of employment on the basis of gender in India.
2. Discuss the two type of rural unemployment.
3. Discuss the reasons for casualisation of workforce
4. Is it necessary to generate employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector?
5. Discuss in brief the distribution of employment in different sectors of economy on the bias of gender.
6. What do you mean by employment? Discuss the two main forms of employment.
7. Briefly discuss the various causes of employment.
8. Discuss the Male‐Female distribution of workforce on the basis of region in India,
9. Briefly discuss the distribution of employment in different sectors of economy,
10. Discuss the various remedial measures, which are needed to solve the problem of unemployment in India.
4 marks question
1. Discuss the steps taken by the government to solve the problem of unemployment in India.
2. Write short notes on
a. Educated Unemployment
b. Open Unemployment
c. Cyclical Unemployment
3. What do you mean by casualisation of workhouse? Discuss the concept with relevant facts.
4. What do you mean by organized sector? Discuss the reason for fall in employment in the organized sector.
5. Discuss the concept of frictional and structural unemployment.
6 marks question
1. Explain the main features of worker population ratio in India.
2. What are the main categories of workers according to status in India? What is the distribution of
worker among these categories?
3. What are the main types of unemployment in the Indian economy?Discuss any two.
4. What are the main causes of unemployment in India?Discribe in brief.
5. Describe the two main reasons and two remedial measures of the problem of unemployment in India>
15.Infrastructure (5 marks)
1 marks question
1. What do you mean by the term “Infrastructure”?
2. Mention one advantages of Infrastructure?
3. Give the meaning of conventional sources of energy.
4. What do you mean by transmission and distribution losses?
5. How can transmission and distribution losses be reduced?
6. What is the meaning of Non‐conventional sources of energy?
7. What are the indicators of health status of a country?
8. Give the meaning of commercial sources of energy.
9. What is meant by Non‐conventional energy?
10. Name some of the commercial and Non‐commercial sources of energy?
11. Explain the two categories, into which infrastructure is divided. How are both interdependent?
12. Infrastructure contributes to the economic development of a country do you agree? Explain.
13. Discuss in brief, the state of rural infrastructure in India?
14. How do infrastructure facilities boost production?
15. What are the three basic sources of generating power?
3 marks questions
1. How has women’s health become a matter of great concern?
2. Write a short note on the alternative systems of health care in India.
3. Distinguish between conventional and Non‐Conventional sources of energy.
4. What do you mean by primary and secondary sources of energy?
5. “Both economic and social infrastructures are crucial” Do you agree with this statement?
6. What is the significance of energy? Differentiate between commercial and Non‐commercial sources of energy.
7. Briefly discuss the correct of economic and Social Infrastructure?
8. How does infrastructure play an important role in the social and economic development of a country?
9. How has the Consumption pattern of energy changed over the years?
10. What problems are being faced by the power sector in India?
4 marks questions
1. Discuss the main drawback of our health care system.
2. Briefly discuss the various measures needed to meet the power crisis in India.
3. Discuss the role of private sector in providing health services in India.
4. “People living in rural areas do not have sufficient health infrastructure”. Comment.
5. What do you understand by global burden of diseases?
6 marks questions
1. Explain the meaning and importance of infrastructure in an economy>
2. Explain the two categories in which infrastructure is divided .How are both interdependent?
3. Describe the main sources of energy in India. Also describe the changes in the consumption pattern of
energy in our country?
4. Explain the problem of power shortage and efforts made to improve the situation in India.
5. Discuss the reforms Which have been initiated recently to meet the energy crisis in India.
16.Environment and Sustainable Development (5 marks)
Very short questions 1 marks question
1. What is meant by environment?
2. What does environment include?
3. What do you mean by biotic element?
4. What is included under abiotic elements?
5. Give the meaning of renewable resources.
6. What do you mean by Non‐renewable resources?
7. What happens when the rate of resources extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?
8. What do you mean by the carrying capacity of environment?
9. How the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high?
10. What do you mean by pollution?
11. What are the functions of the environment?
12. Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.
13. “Urbanization degraded the environment.” Comment.
14. Outline the steps involved in attaining sustainable development in India.
15. India has abundant natural resources‐sustainable the statement.
3 marks questions
1. What do you mean by sustainable development? What does Aim to ensure.
2. What do you mean by pollution? State the three main types of pollution.
3. Briefly discuss the concept of air pollution.
4. How does poverty lead to degradation of environment?
5. Mention any three ways to control air pollution.
6. Discuss in brief, the meaning of Ozone depletion.
7. “The pattern of economic growth has caused much damage to the environment.” Do you agree with this
statement?
8. Discuss the various reasons for environmental crisis.
9. Explain in brief, the strategies for sustainable development.
10. Briefly discuss the various cause of environmental degradation.
4 marks questions
1. What do you mean by global warming? Why does it occur? How can it adversely affect the earth?
2. Discuss the two important form of environmental degradation
3. Briefly discuss the measures needed to control environmental degradation?
4. Discuss the five rules, which should be followed to achieve sustainable development.
5. Write short notes on Water pollution, Noise pollution.
6 marks questions
1. “Industrialization and agricultural development resulted in environmental Degradation.”Defend OR Refute.
2. Discuss the meaning and main functions of environment.
3. What are the main causes of environment degradation in India?
4. What do you understand by the concept of sustainable development? Explain.
5. Write Short notes on following environmental problem.
a. Air pollution
b. Deforestation
c. Loss of Bio‐diversity
No comments:
Post a Comment